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Abbreviations:

AOP-Areas of Practice

LAR-Laws & Rules

P.E.-Professional Engineers

 

Explore all PDH CEU CPC CPD and Webinars for Engineers

Reactance in AC Circuits - Fundamental Concepts

Course No. E-4005

Credit: 4 PDH

Course Fee: $115.80 Purchase course

Subject Matter Expert: A. Bhatia, Mechanical Engineer

 

Overview

Reactance is the measure of the opposition to the flow of alternating current caused by the inductance and capacitance in a circuit rather than by resistance. Steady electric currents flowing along conductors in one direction undergo opposition called electrical resistance, but no reactance. Reactance is present in addition to resistance when conductors carry alternating current. Reactance also occurs for short intervals when direct current is changing as it approaches or departs from steady flow (e.g., when switches are closed or opened).

Reactance is of two types, inductive and capacitive.

  • Inductive reactance (symbol XL) is associated with the varying magnetic field that surrounds a wire or a coil carrying a current. The more rapidly the current changes, the more an inductor resists it. The reactance is proportional to the frequency; a high-frequency alternating current changes more rapidly than a low-frequency one, since there are more cycles per second. Thus the higher the frequency and the larger the inductance, the harder it is for current to flow through the inductance; it meets more opposition. The unit of reactance is also the ohm.
  • Capacitive reactance (symbol XC) is associated with the changing electric field between two conducting surfaces (plates) separated from each other by an insulating medium. The more rapidly the applied voltage changes in value, the faster the capacitor stores energy. This means that a high-frequency alternating voltage will put more current into a given capacitor than a low frequency voltage could. Thus the reactance of a capacitor goes down as the frequency increases.

Reactance produces a phase shift between the electric current and voltage in the circuit. Reactance is denoted by the symbol X and is measured in ohms.

  • If X > 0, the reactance is said to be inductive.
  • If X = 0, then the circuit is purely resistive (i.e. it has no reactance).
  • If X < 0, it is said to be capacitive.

This 4-houtr course provides a basic overview of Reactance theory and is based entirely on Naval Education and Training Materials (NAVEDTRA 14174), Electricity and Electronic Training Series; Module-2, Chapter 4 titled “Inductive and Capacitive Reactance”.

The student must take a multiple-choice quiz consisting of twenty (20) questions at the end of this course to obtain PDH credits.

 

Specific Knowledge or Skill Obtained

This course teaches the following specific knowledge and skills:

  • The phase relationships between current and voltage in an inductor and in a capacitor
  • The terms for the opposition an inductor and a capacitor offer to AC
  • The formulas for inductive and capacitive reactances
  • The effects of a change in frequency on inductive and capacitive reactances
  • The effects of a change in inductance on X L and a change in capacitance on XC
  • How to compute total reactance (X) in a series circuit and determine whether the total reactance is capacitive or inductive
  • The formula for total reactance and impedance
  • The Ohm's law formulas used to determine voltage and current in an ac circuit
  • Definition of "true power", "reactive power", and "apparent power"
  • The definition of and the formula for power factor

 

Course

Click on the following link to the PDF document to review the course material before taking the quiz for credit.

Inductive and Capacitive Reactance (254 KB)

 

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