Overview
The understanding of the structure and properties of metals, stress mechanisms, failure modes and the characteristics determine their usefulness for a specific application. Often, materials are subject to variable forces (loads). The mechanical engineer calculates these forces to establish the service that can be expected and material scientists experiment to determine how materials deform (elongate, compress, and twist) or break as a function of applied load, time, temperature, and other conditions.
- Metals typically exhibit crystalline structure and have three most common crystal patterns: (1) the body-centered cubic (BCC), (2) the face-centered cubic (FCC) and (3) the hexagonal closed packed (HCP).
- Metals containing BCC structures include ferrite, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten. These metals possess high strength and low ductility.
- Metals containing FCC structures include austenite, aluminum, copper, lead, silver, gold, nickel, platinum and thorium. These metal possess low strength and high ductility.
- Metals containing HCP structures include beryllium, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, cobalt, thallium and zirconium. These metals are not as ductile as FCC metals.
Mechanical properties are also used to help specify and identify metals. The most common properties considered are strength, hardness, ductility, and impact resistance. Understanding the basic properties of metals is critical in identifying the most appropriate metal to use for each application.
This 8-hour course explains the basic structure of metals and describes how those structures are affected by various processes. The course is based entirely on US Department of Energy training materials DOE-HDBK-1017/1-93, Fundamentals Handbook, Material Science; Volume 1 of 2. It contains two modules 1 and 2:
Module 1, "Structure of Metals" contains information on the basic structure of metals and discusses various imperfections and defects that affect metals.
Module 2, "Properties of Metals" contains information on the properties of metals to be considered when selecting materials for a particular application.
The student must take a multiple-choice quiz consisting of forty (40) questions at the end of this course to obtain PDH credits.
Specific Knowledge or Skill Obtained
This course teaches the following specific knowledge and skills:
- The nature of five types of bonding that occur in materials and their characteristics
- The three most common types of crystalline structures : Body-centered cubic structure, Face-centered cubic structure and Hexagonal close-packed structure
- The three types of microscopic imperfections found in crystalline structures
- How to distinguish between tensile, compressive and shear stresses
- Understand the following terms: a) Strain, b) Plastic deformation, c) Proportional limit, d) Yield point, e) Ultimate strength and f) Fracture point
- Hooke's Law and Young’s Modulus (Elastic Modulus) as it relates to stress
- How to interpret a stress-strain curve for the following: a) Application of Hooke's Law, b) Elastic region and c) Plastic region
- The important mechanical properties of metals such as a) Strength, b) Ultimate tensile strength, c) Yield strength, d) Ductility, e) Malleability, f) Toughness and g) Hardness
- The effects on ductility caused by temperature changes, irradiation and cold working
- How heat treatment affects the properties of heat-treated steel and carbon steel
- The reason that galvanic corrosion is a concern in design and material selection.
- Hydrogen embitterment including the two required conditions and the formation process.
Course
Click on the following link to the PDF document to review the course material before taking the quiz for credit.
Characteristics and Properties of Metals
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