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Liquid Pipeline Hydraulics
E.
Sashi Menon, P.E.
Overview
This online course
on liquid pipeline hydraulics covers the steady state transportation of liquids
in pipelines. These include water lines, refined petroleum products and crude
oil pipelines. This course will prove to be a refresher in fluid mechanics as it
is applied to real world pipeline design. Although many formulas and equations
are introduced, we will concentrate on how these are applied to the solution of
actual pipeline transportation problems.
First, the liquid
properties are discussed and how they vary with temperature and pressure are
analyzed. The pressure in a liquid and liquid head are explained next. Then the
classical Darcy equation for determining pressure drop due to friction in liquid
flow is introduced and a modified more practical version is explained. Common
forms of equations relating flow versus pressure drop due to friction are
introduced and applications illustrated by example problems. In a long distance
pipeline the need for multiple pump stations and hydraulic pressure gradient are
discussed.
Next the pumping
horsepower required to transport a liquid through a pipeline is calculated.
Centrifugal and positive displacement pumps are discussed along with an analysis
of the pump performance curves. The impact of liquid specific gravity and
viscosity on pump performance is explained with reference to the Hydraulic
Institute charts. The use of drag reduction as a means to improving pipeline
throughput is explored. Batching of different products in a pipeline
simultaneously, with minimum commingling, is discussed next. The internal
design pressure in a pipeline and the hydrostatic test pressure for safe
operation are explained with illustrative examples.
The student must take a multiple-choice quiz consisting of twenty-five (25) questions
at the end of the course to obtain PDH credits.
Specific Knowledge or Skill Attained
This course teaches the following specific knowledge and
skills:
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Properties of liquids
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Calculating Reynolds Number and friction factor
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How to calculate liquid pressure drop in a pipeline using Moody Diagrams and
pressure drop equations such as Miller Equation, MIT Equation and Hazen
Williams
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Components of total pressure and how to maintain the hydraulic pressure
gradient above the elevation profile
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The effect of temperature on liquid pipeline calculations
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Looping a pipeline to increase flow rate
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Determining the quantity and location of pumping stations and the required
horsepower
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Plotting pump vs. system head curves
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Evaluating pump curves, including head vs. flow rate, efficiency vs. flow
rate, BHP vs. flow rate, NSPH vs. flow rate
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Using the pump affinity laws
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Using drag reduction agents (DRA) to increase a pipeline's capacity
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Pumping different products, such as jet fuel and diesel, through a pipeline
using batching methods
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Calculating pipe wall thickness based on MAOP
Course
Click
on the following link to review the course "Liquid Pipeline Hydraulics".
Liquid Pipeline Hydraulics (461 KB)
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To obtain PDH credits for this course, you will need to take a quiz for
credit. Click on the link below.
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