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The "Famous Engineers" Series

A Missed Vacation That Changed the World
 
On a hot summer day in July, 1958, a young engineer sits alone at his desk in Dallas, TX.  Having just joined Texas Instruments two months earlier, this Kansas native can't join in the mass summer vacation that was customary among TI employees at the time.
 
In the quiet of a vacant building, he conceives a solution to the "tyranny of numbers".  The transmitter, invented in 1947, allowed engineers to begin building complex circuits.  However, advanced circuits required so many components and wires that electric signals traveled too slow through the circuit for it to be effective as a computer.  This was known as the "tyranny of numbers".
 
The 35-year old electrical engineer sketched his idea on a notepad.  He would build all of the components of a circuit using a single block of semiconductor material.  He presented his idea to his bosses when they returned from vacation.  Although met with some skepticism, he was allowed to build a test version of his circuit.
 
On September 12, 1958, the world's first integrated circuit was tested at Texas Instrument's laboratories in Dallas, TX.  The integrated circuit changed the world!  It allowed mass production of the complicated circuitry required for modern computers and many other electronic devices.
 
In addition to inventing the integrated circuit, for which he received the 2000 Nobel Prize for Physics, he was also co-inventor of the pocket calculator and the thermal printer.
 
Who was this gifted engineer who changed the world while his colleagues vacationed?
 
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Engineer Humor
 
Three engineers and three accountants are traveling by train to a conference. At the station, the three accountants each buy tickets and watch as the three engineers buy only a single ticket. "How are three people going to travel on only one ticket?" asks an accountant. "Watch and you'll see," answers an engineer.

 

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Engineering Feat of the Month

Monthly profile of America's greatest engineering achievements.
 
The International Tunnel
 
Completed in 1930, this remains the only underwater vehicular tunnel ever built between two nations.  It was completed in 26 months at a cost of $23 Million.
 
Design and construction of the tunnel was an engineering feat unparalleled at the time, using three different tunneling methods. 
 
The river section of the tunnel was constructed using the "trench-and-tube" method.  Nine sections of concrete tube, each 31 feet in diameter, were towed into the river on barges and sunk into a trench.  Divers then bolted the sections together and cemented the joints.
 
The tunnel project was twice started and abandoned.  In the first attempt in 1871, a pocket of sulphurous gas ended the project when workers refused to return to work.  The second try in 1878 failed when limestone formations were encountered.
 
When the project was proposed again in 1919, scientific experts predicted that anyone using the tunnel would die of carbon monoxide poisoning.  The CO problem was solved by installing a massive 1.5 MMscf/min ventilation system, capable of one complete air change in the tunnel every 90 seconds.
 
What was this modern engineering marvel?
 
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